Perfil do consumo de drogas de abuso entre acadêmicos de Farmácia de uma universidade do Piauí / Profile of drug abuse among Pharmacy students at a university in Piauí

Realizou-se estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo entre estudantes dos períodos iniciais e finais do curso de Farmácia da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI) durante o ano de 2019, buscando-se analisar o perfil de consumo de drogas de abuso entre os estudantes, tema objeto de escassas publicações no Piauí. Foi aplicado um questionário de respostas fechadas pautado no "ASSIST" adaptado, após aprovação no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFPI. O teste exato de Fisher foi utilizado para aplicar hipótese de associação com significância de 5%. A pesquisa contou com 41 participantes, 56,0% do sexo feminino e 29,0% do sexo masculino. 63,0% dos partícipes tinham idade maior ou igual a 20 anos e 22,0% possuíam menos de 20 anos. Verificou-se que 90,2% reportaram já ter feito uso de alguma droga de abuso. 17,1% dos estudantes reportaram ter feito uso de drogas ilícitas. A maioria significativa (p<0,05) dos indivíduos que usaram drogas de abuso correspondeu aos participantes mais velhos envolvidos no estudo. Entre os participantes que usaram drogas, a maioria significativa (p<0,05) indicou uso de drogas lícitas. 4 (9,8%) participantes não fizeram uso de nenhuma droga de abuso e todos pertenciam aos períodos iniciais do curso. Houve predomínio do uso de bebidas alcoólicas, tabaco e maconha. Houve maioria absoluta de estudantes que afirmaram nunca ter tentado controlar ou diminuir o uso de drogas (n=31), independente do período cursado. A pesquisa ratifica a importância da temática e demonstra a necessidade de acompanhamento constante do público universitário.

A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study was carried out among students from the initial and final semesters of the Pharmacy course at the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) during 2019, seeking to analyze the profile of drug abuse among students, subject of scarce publications in Piauí. A closed-answer questionnaire based on the adapted "ASSIST" version was applied, after approval by the UFPI Research Ethics Committee. Fisher's exact test was used to apply an association hypothesis with a significance of 5%. The survey included 41 participants, 56.0% female and 29.0% male. 63.0% of participants were aged 20 years or more and 22.0% were under 20 years old. It was found that 90.2% reported having already used some abused drug. 17.1% of the students reported having used illegal drugs. The significant majority (p <0.05) of the individuals who used drugs corresponded to the older participants involved in the study. Among the participants who used drugs, the significant majority (p <0.05) indicated use of legal drugs. 4 (9.8%) participants did not use any drugs, and all belonged to the first semesters of the course. There was a predominance of alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and marijuana. There was an absolute majority of students who stated that they had never tried to control or decrease their drug use (n=31), regardless of the semester taken. The research confirms the importance of the theme and demonstrates the need for constant monitoring of the university population.

Incidence of variant hemoglobins in newborns attended by a public health laboratory.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of variant hemoglobins in different health regions. METHODS: A descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach based on secondary data in the internal records of the neonatal screening service - Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Piauí (PI, Brazil). The variables related to sex, ethnicity and positive diagnosis for variant hemoglobins were analyzed, with further population distribution of hemoglobinopathies among the macroregions of the state. RESULTS: A total of 69,180 samples of newborns were analyzed, and 3,747 were diagnosed as hemoglobinopathies, from February 1st, 2014 and December 31st, 2015. Sickle cell trait was the most frequent (4.1%), followed by hemoglobinopathy C in 0.9%; homozygous hemoglobin S cases 0.1% stood out and there were no cases of hemoglobinopathy D in the state. It is also worth noting that the highest frequencies of hemoglobin alterations in Piauí were in males (49.8%) and of parda skin color (38.5%). The region of Piauí presenting the highest incidence of heteroygous variant hemoglobins was Tabuleiros do Alto Parnaíba and Vale do Sambito, due to importance of the region's population Entre Rios. CONCLUSION: Neonatal screening programs are important for screening, orientations regarding health actions and monitoring of families with hemoglobinopathies, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality rates.

Pathophysiological investigations, anxiolytic effects and interaction of a semisynthetic riparin with benzodiazepine receptors.

We have reported Riparin A as a promising antiparasitic molecule ​​against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. This work evaluated the acute oral toxicity of Riparin A and its anxiolytic effects using in vivo models and computational tools. Mice were submitted to acute oral toxicity tests (Guideline OECD 423). Later, anxiety assays with Riparin A (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg: elevated plus maze, light/dark box and marble burying) were performed. Theoretical calculations analyzed interaction of Riparin A with gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) receptors. Only Riparin A at 2000 mg/kg alter body weight, food and water consumption and urine production after 7 and/or 14 days treatment and increased serum triglycerides. There was increase in the time spent in the open arms (TSOA) and number of transitions between compartments (NTC) and decrease in number of hidden balls (NHB) in Riparin A-treated animals at 200 mg/kg (P < 0.05), whose approximate ED50 was 283.1 (156.5-397.1) mg/kg. The functional amide of Riparin A interacted with the GABAA receptor mainly at subunits α2 and ß1 and presented strong interaction with the Asp68 residue, which is part of the pharmacophore group. Riparin A was toxically safe and pharmacologically active for anxiolytic purposes, revealed NOAEL of 200 mg/kg and probably interacts with Asp68 residues of benzodiazepine receptors by hydrogen bonds.

Profile of diabetic patients accompanied by the pharmaceutical assistance of Piauí, Brazil / Perfil dos pacientes diabéticos acompanhados pela assistência farmacêutica do Piauí, Brasil

Diabetes mellitus consists of a chronic disease that currently stands out for its associated morbidity and mortality. The therapy is based on the association of different drugs and requires a change in the habits of the patients. The objective of the present study was to analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus assisted by the Specialized Component of Pharmaceutical Assistance of the state of Piauí. This was a descriptive, crosssectional study and analysis of social, demographic, economic, biochemical and anthropometric parameters. From the 93 participants, 66.7% were female, 57% had an average age of 60.5 years and 50.5% had a weight above 69 kg. The predominant family income was one minimum wage salary and the level of education reported was completed secondary education. It was found that 53.8% of the participants practiced regular physical activity and 87.1% had food restrictions. The most commonly used drug was vildagliptin. It was proven that 52.7% had unsatisfactory glycemic control considering the levels of HbA1c, as well as a necessity of a public state clinical protocol that regulates the dispensation of oral hypoglycemic agents in the state.

O diabetes mellitus consiste em uma doença crônica que atualmente se destaca por sua morbimortalidade associada. A terapia baseia-se na associação de diferentes fármacos e exige mudança nos hábitos de vida dos pacientes. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 assistidos pelo Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica do estado do Piauí. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, de caráter transversal com análise de variáveis sociais, demográficas e econômicas e de parâmetros bioquímicos e antropométricos. Dentre 93 participantes, 66,7% eram do sexo feminino, 57% possuíam média etária de 60,5 anos e 50,5% apresentaram peso acima de 69 kg com renda familiar preponderante de um salário mínimo e grau de escolaridade referente ao ensino médio completo. Constatou-se que 53,8% dos participantes praticavam atividade física regularmente e 87,1% faziam restrição alimentar. O medicamento mais utilizado foi a vildagliptina. Foi evidenciado que 52,7% possuíam controle glicêmico insatisfatório quanto aos níveis de HbA1c, assim como a necessidade da existência de um protocolo clínico estadual público que regulamente a dispensação de hipoglicemiantes orais no estado.

Incidence of variant hemoglobins in newborns attended by a public health laboratory / Incidência de hemoglobinas variantes em neonatos assistidos por um laboratório de saúde pública

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the incidence of variant hemoglobins in different health regions. Methods A descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach based on secondary data in the internal records of the neonatal screening service - Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Piauí (PI, Brazil). The variables related to sex, ethnicity and positive diagnosis for variant hemoglobins were analyzed, with further population distribution of hemoglobinopathies among the macroregions of the state. Results A total of 69,180 samples of newborns were analyzed, and 3,747 were diagnosed as hemoglobinopathies, from February 1st, 2014 and December 31st, 2015. Sickle cell trait was the most frequent (4.1%), followed by hemoglobinopathy C in 0.9%; homozygous hemoglobin S cases 0.1% stood out and there were no cases of hemoglobinopathy D in the state. It is also worth noting that the highest frequencies of hemoglobin alterations in Piauí were in males (49.8%) and of parda skin color (38.5%). The region of Piauí presenting the highest incidence of heteroygous variant hemoglobins was Tabuleiros do Alto Parnaíba and Vale do Sambito, due to importance of the region's population Entre Rios. Conclusion Neonatal screening programs are important for screening, orientations regarding health actions and monitoring of families with hemoglobinopathies, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality rates.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a incidência de hemoglobinas variantes em diferentes regiões de saúde. Métodos Estudo descritivo, observacional e transversal com abordagem quantitativa baseada em dados secundários presentes nos registros internos do serviço de triagem neonatal do Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Piauí (PI, Brasil). Foram analisadas as variáveis referentes a sexo, etnia e diagnóstico positivo para hemoglobinas variantes, com posterior distribuição populacional das hemoglobinopatias entre as macrorregiões do Estado. Resultados Foram analisadas 69.180 amostras de recém-nascidos, e 3.747 diagnosticados com hemoglobinopatias, entre 1° de fevereiro de 2014 e 31 de dezembro de 2015. Constatou-se maior ocorrência do traço falciforme em 4,1% da amostra e da hemoglobinopatia C em 0,9%, com destaque para os casos de hemoglobina S em homozigose (0,1%) e ausência de hemoglobinopatia D no Estado. Destacou-se, ainda, o fato de as maiores frequências de alteração hemoglobínica do Piauí estarem presentes em recém-nascidos do sexo masculino (49,8%) e de etnia parda (38,5%). As regiões do Piauí que apresentaram as maiores incidências de hemoglobinas variantes em heterozigose foram Tabuleiros do Alto Parnaíba e Vale do Sambito, devendo-se ressaltar a relevância populacional da região Entre Rios. Conclusão Os programas de triagem neonatal são importantes para rastreamento, orientação de ações de saúde e acompanhamento de famílias acometidas com hemoglobinopatias, a fim de diminuir a morbimortalidade provocada por estas patologias.

Seguimento farmacoterapêutico de pacientes em tratamento com talidomida em um centro especializado em hanseníase / Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up of patients treated with thalidomide at a specialized leprosy center

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a farmacoterapia de pacientes com reação hansênica tipo 2 em tratamento com talidomida em um centro filantrópico de atendimento especializado. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado no Centro Maria Imaculada de reabilitação de pacientes com hanseníase na cidade de Teresina, Piauí. Foram incluídos na pesquisa pacientes de ambos os sexos atendidos entre setembro e novembro de 2016. O Seguimento Farmacoterapêutico foi fundamentado no Método Dáder, na base eletrônica Drugdex System ­ Thomson Micromedex® ­ Interactions para análise de interações medicamentosas; na classificação de reações adversas a medicamentos de Rawlins e Thompson; e no teste de Morisky-Green para avaliar o nível de adesão terapêutica. RESULTADOS: Foram acompanhados 11 pacientes, dos quais oito eram homens. Foram identificadas três interações medicamentosas, sendo duas classificadas em risco moderado e uma em menor risco. Foram identificados 23 resultados negativos associados ao medicamento, destacando-se insegurança não quantitativa e problemas de saúde não tratados. Além disso, 22 problemas relacionados com medicamentos foram identificados, sendo o mais frequente a ocorrência de reações adversas a medicamentos. Todas as reações adversas associadas a medicamentos foram classificadas como tipo A ou previsíveis. Quanto à adesão, seis entre os nove pacientes que responderam ao teste de Morisky-Green obtiveram alto grau de adesão. A educação em saúde correspondeu à intervenção farmacêutica preponderante, sendo aplicada a todos os pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: Foram evidenciadas interações medicamentosas relevantes, resultados negativos associados ao medicamento e problemas associados a medicamentos. O grau de adesão ao tratamento com talidomida foi considerado alto. Foram necessárias intervenções farmacêuticas, sobretudo voltadas para ações de educação em saúde, o que ratifica a necessidade de acompanhamento constante desse grupo de pacientes.

AIMS: Evaluate the pharmacotherapy of patients with type 2 leprosy reaction in treatment with thalidomide in a philanthropic center of specialized care at Teresina. METHODS: The study was conducted at the Centro Maria Imaculada, for rehabilitation of patients with leprosy, in the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Patients of both sexes attended between september and november 2016 were included in the study. Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up was based on the Dáder Method, in the electronic base Drugdex System ­ Thomson Micromedex® ­ Interactions for analysis of drug interactions; in the classification of adverse drug reactions of Rawlins and Thompson; and the Morisky-Green test to evaluate the level of therapeutic adherence. RESULTS: Eleven patients were followed, of whom eight were male. Three drug interactions were identified, two of which were classified as moderate risk and one in lower risk. There were 23 negative results associated with medicines, mainly quantitative insecurity and untreated health problems. In addition, 22 drug-related problems were identified, with adverse drug reactions being the most frequent occurrence. All adverse drug reactions were classified as type A or predictable. Regarding adhesion, six patients among nine who responded to the Morisky-Green test obtained a high degree of adhesion. Health education corresponded to the preponderant pharmaceutical intervention, being applied to all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Relevant drug interactions, negative results associated with medicines, and drug-related problems were identified. Degree of adherence to thalidomide treatment was considered high. Pharmaceutical interventions were necessary, mainly focused on health education actions, which ratifies the need for constant monitoring of this group of patients.

In vitro antioxidant, antitumor and leishmanicidal activity of riparin A, an analog of the Amazon alkamides from Aniba riparia (Lauraceae) / Atividade antioxidante, antitumoral e leishmanicida in vitro da riparina A, um análogo das alcamidas amazônicas de Aniba riparia (Lauraceae)

Aniba riparia (Lauraceae) is an important medicinal plant found in the Amazon region and presents alkaloids of the type alkamide known as riparins. Riparin A is structurally represented as the fundamental core of all Amazon riparins. This work aimed to assess the in vitro antioxidant, antitumor and antileishmanial effects of riparin A. Riparin A presented weak antioxidant capacity by tecniques of DPPH• (EC50 of 296.2 μg mL-1) and ABTS•+ (EC50 of 450.1 μg mL-1), showed moderate activity against colon carcinoma (HCT-116: IC50 of 21.7 μg mL-1) and leishmanicidal activity on promastigotes of L. amazonensis (IC50 of 307.0 ± 79.6, 193.7 ± 44.3 and 81.8 ± 11.2 μg mL-1, respectively, after 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation). Then, in addition to its structural simplicity, riparin A revealed promising biological activities and remarkable in vitro leishmanicidal action, an important result in epidemiological point of view to control leishmaniasis in Brazil, including in the Amazon region.

Aniba riparia (Lauraceae) é uma importante planta medicinal encontrada na região amazônica que apresenta alcaloides do tipo alcamida e conhecidos como riparinas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos antioxidantes, antitumorais e leishmanicidas in vitro da riparina A. Riparina A apresentou fraca capacidade antioxidante pelas técnicas do DPPH• (CE50 de 296,2 μg mL-1) e ABTS•+ (CE50 de 450,1 μg mL-1), mostrou moderada atividade contra carcinoma de cólon (HCT-116: CI50 de 21,7 μg mL-1) e atividade leishmanicida sobre formas promastigotas de Leishmania amazonensis (CI50 de 307,0 ± 79,6; 193,7 ± 44,3 e 81,8 ± 11,2 μg mL-1, respectivamente, após 24, 48 e 72 h de incubação). Assim, além de sua simplicidade estrutural, a riparina A revelou atividades biológicas promissoras e significativa ação leishmanicida in vitro, resultado importante diante da relevância epidemiológica para controle da leishmaniose no Brasil, inclusive na região amazônica.

Counteracting effects on free radicals and histological alterations induced by a fraction with casearins.

Casearia sylvestris Swartz is a medicinal plant widely distributed in Brazil. It has anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and antitumor activities and is popularly used to treat snakebites, wounds, diarrhea, flu and chest colds. Its leaves are rich in oxygenated tricyclic cis-clerodane diterpenes, particulary casearins. Herein, we evaluated the antioxidant activities of a fraction with casearins (FC) isolated from C. sylvestris and histological changes on the central nervous system and livers of Mus musculus mice. Firstly, in vitro studies (0.9, 1.8, 3.6, 5.4 and 7.2 µg/mL) revealed EC50 values of 3.7, 6.4 and 0.16 µg/mL for nitrite, hydroxyl radical and TBARS levels, respectively. Secondly, FC (2.5, 5, 10 and 25 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally administered to Swiss mice for 7 consecutive days. Nitrite levels in the hippocampus (26.2, 27.3, 30.2 and 26.6 µM) and striatum (26.3, 25.4, 34.3 and 27.5 µM) increased in all treated animals (P < 0.05). Lower doses dropped reduced glutathione, catalase and TBARS levels in the hippocampus and striatum. With the exception of this reduction in TBARS formation, FC displayed only in vitro antioxidant activity. Animals exhibited histological alterations suggestive of neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, indicating the need for precaution regarding the consumption of medicinal formulations based on Casearia sylvestris.